Make 400V DC from 220V AC Circuit

How to Make a 400V DC from 220V AC Simple Circuit at home.

By: Alok kumar

Today we are going to need a simple 400V Electronic transformerless power supply or variable power supply from 0 to 400V DC. So simply we will learn how to get 400V DC from 220V AC Mains.

The Below Circuit is a simple rectifier circuit.

This circuit simply rectifies the 220V AC from Mains to DC pulsating Voltage and then this pulsating DC viltage is then Filtered via a 470uF/450V electrolytic capacitor to reduce the Ripple present in the output of the circuit.

Make a 5V 2A Power supply by IC 78S05 simple circuit at home

How to make a 5V 2A simple electronic power supply using IC 78S05 at home to charge cell phon battery.

By: Alok kumar

Today we are going to learn how to make a simplest 5 volt 2Amp DC simple power supply which can be used in various application like cell phon battery chargers like in Tabs ehich requires high current, LED Drivers which require less than 6 volt and high current , can bye used to charge a cell phon batttery using solar panel e.t.c. at home.

This circuit is extremely simple and easy to make, simple to use and with very less component used.

The main component in this circuit is IC 78S05 which is a Voltage regulator 5V / 2A DC. The quality of current is high and noise is low.

The circuit will work without any extra components, but for reverse polarity protection a 1N5402 diode is included for safety at the input, extra filtering and removing any ripple is being done by capacitor C1-220uF 50V.

Simple 1watt to 12watt SMPS LED driver circuit

Simple 1 watt to 12 watt SMPS LED Driver Circuit

By: Alok kumar

Today we are going to learn to make a very simple 120V/220V smps LED driver circuit which can be used for driving high watt LEDs rated anywhere between 1 watt to 12 watts directly from any domestic AC mains outlet.

The presented smps (switch mode power supply) LED driver
circuit is extremely versatile and specifically suited for driving high watt LEDs, however being a non- isolated topology does not provide safety from electric shocks at the LED side of the circuit.

Apart from the above drawback, the circuit is flawless and is virtually protected from most possible mains surge related dangers. Although a non-isolated configuration may look a bit undesirable, it relieves the constructor from winding complex primary/secondary sections on E- cores, since the transformer here is replaced with a couple of simple ferrite drum type of chokes.

The main component here is IC which is. responsible for the main execution of all the features is the IC VIPer22A from ST microelectronics
, which has beenspecifically designed for such small transformerless compact converter applications.

Simple 12 v 1 amp SMPS power supply, battery charger, LED driver circuit

How to Make a Simple 12 Volt, 1 Amp Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS) Circuit at home

By: Alok kumar

Today we are going to learn how to make a simple 12 volt 1 Amp smps ( switch mode power supply) electronic circuit which can be used as battery charger, LED driver, moter driver or many more application.

We all know that with the advent of modern ICs and circuits, the age old transformertype of power supply are surely becoming obsolete. Today power supplies are much compact, smaller and efficient with their functioning than those bulky transformer power supplies.

Here we will discuss one of the outstanding switch mode power supply (SMPS) circuit which can be easily built at home for deriving smooth clean, ripple free 12 Volt DC from mains supply either 110v or 220v AC.

We are going to use the IC ST Microelectronics IC, the VIPer22A, which has made the construction very easy and is very efficient and

compact SMPS ( switch mode power supply) power supply unit

possible that too by using very less number of electronic components.

As shown in the circuit diagram, the

circuit is very compact and simple compared to other type of SMPS power supplies, and also good power output compared to its weight or size, It's just 50 by 40 mm in its dimensions.

220V/ 110V AC to 5V 1Amp Cell Phone battery Charger Circuit

220V/ 110V AC to 5V DC 1Amp SMPS (switching mode power supply) Cell Phone battery Charger Circuit

By: Alok kumar

This post meant to explains how to make a simple, cheap, small or compact yet extremely reliable smps or switching mode based 220V/120V mains to 5 volt dc operated cell phone battery charger circuit for high amperage batteries present in android and tabs these days.

Here we are going to use a simple IC having built in mosfet switching control circuit and also very reliable which allowes us to make a very compact but reliable circuit.

The TNY series of tiny switch ICs provide us with an option of making perhaps the smallest possible smps or switch mode based circuits with higher reliability. The tiny switch series includes the following ICs some of them are: TNY267P, TNY263, TNY264, TNY265, TNY266, TNY267, TNY268, TNY280.

The above ICs have an integrated built- in mosfet switching control circuit, there is also protection against over current and thermal overshoot, along with rugged voltage and current specifications provided. The IC comes in a DIP8 package that's exactly how a 555 is enclosed. The maximum tolerable voltage limit of the TNY series ICs is a massive 700V, that is a margin that id way too beyond our normal household AC specification. The operating frequency of this IC is at about 132kHz which is perfect for low power specification. The IC is specifically designed and built for implementing compact and reliable 120/220V mains operated SMPS flyback converter.

There may be a huge application for this switch mode power supply smps, it could be best used as a mains operated 5V cell phone charger circuit.

How to make a 12v 5Amp transformerless or electronic power supply which is Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS) based

How to make a 12v 5Amp transformerless or electronic power supply which is Switched Mode Power Supply(SMPS) based.

By: Alok kumar

Making a 12v 5A Transormerless electronic power supply is really a complicated task and if we made it the resulting circuit will become a bulky circuit. Don't worry about it, Now we are going to solve it together.

In this post, We are going to take advantage of High frequency method over a small transformer or inducuctors coupled together over a ferrite core, This method also known as Flyback Converter type design. As we all know at High frequency, we can make a small transformer conduct even much higher current or power far above the rated...
specification without damaging it. So just use this property to exploit the small transformer to get high amperage from a little ferrite transformer. Simply switch mode power supply simply the property of inductor that it always opposes the rate of change of current flowing through. So simply by switching on and off the inductor will result in boosted output across the inductor with opposit polarity. The simplest switch mode power supply (smps) are boost converter circuit but it is not a isolated power supply from mains so today we are going to make a flyback converter power supply (smps based) to get a highly regulated output by using a beedback by optocoupler to tightly regulate output and is also isolated from the mains supply also for our 12 volt 5 ampere electronic supply which is switch mode power supply ( smps based) to be stable tightly regulated and isolated like we need .

How to Regulate Power Supply Voltage in Electronic circuits Or Reduce voltage dropping

How to Regulate Voltage in  Electronic Circuits or Reduce voltage dropping in power supplies.

By: Alok kumar

Generally the sole purpose of a power supply is to provide power to an electronic circuit so that we can operate that circuit within safe voltage and current tolerance/ range. For a given amount of power, there is an inverse relationship between voltage and current (ohm's law V=IR, where v is voltage across the circuit, I is current in the circuit and R is the equivalent resistance across the circuit). Whenever there is an increase in current there must be a voltage, and whenever current decreases,voltage must increase. This simple phenomenon unfortunately, has an adverse effect on power supply circuits.

When anyone connect a voltmeter to the output terminals of a power supply, the voltmeter itself draws current ( but an almost of insignificant amount ) so the meter reads very close to the voltage anyone should expect to obtain from the power supply.

However, if one connect a circuit which draws a significant amount of current from the power supply, then there will be a voltage drop occurs in perportion to the amount of current.


Depending on the nature of the circuit one is connecting to the power supply, this voltage drop
may or may not be a bad thing for most of circuit which is insensitive to voltage variation but some circuits which is designed for 12 VDC or some fixed value DC then the circuit may not function properly. In that case the power supply needs to workeven harder to make sure it delivers the desired
voltage to the circuit to function properly.

So power supply have to maintain that value and to maintain that steady voltage level regardless of the amount of current drawn from a power supply, the power supply need to incorporate a voltage regulator circuit. The voltage regulator circuitory usulaay monitors the current drawn by the load and according to that it increases or decreases the voltage accordingly to keep the voltage level fixed or constant.

So simply when a power supply  incorporates a voltage regulator circuitory  is called a regulated power supply.

Anyone can design their own voltage regulator circuit, but it is very easy to buy one of the many
available integrated circuit (IC) voltage regulators in the market to save the time. Generally voltage
regulator ICs are inexpensive and, with we only have to simply connect three pins, really very easy to incorporate into any circuit which requires a regulated power supply. In the market the most popular type of voltage regulator IC is the 78XX series, sometimes it is called as the LM78XX series too. These voltage regulators IC's is the combination of 17 transistors, three
Zener diodes, and a handful of resistors into one easy to use handy package with three pins. We also have to buy a heat sink (aluminium bar) which helps the IC to dissipate the excess power consumed by the regulator for compensation for the increases or decreases in current draw to keep the voltage at a constant level or fixed level.

charge a 48volt battery bank from 12v battery or solar panel

How to make a simple 12v dc to 48 volt dc converter simple boost converter or flyback converter (using IC-555) to charge a battery bank from 12 volt battery or solar panel.

By: Alok kumar

Most of the time we need to convert a 12volt dc to 48volt dc to charge a 48 volt battery bank from 12volt battery or even solar panel. So in this post we are going to learn how to make a 12v dc to 48volt dc converter or boost convert using timer IC-555 (readily available, cheap and always will be in production) using readily available parts from market.

This 12v to 48 volt converter circuit or boost converter is a DC to DC converter using the property of intuctor to oppose the rate of change of current through it. This transformerless electronic power supply circuit uses a timer IC-555 to operate in astable mode and this transformerless electronic power supply circuit have an output frequency of around 600Hz at 58% duty cycle.

This project is similar to 12v to 48 volt converter but have more stable and regulated output .

Component required:-

R1 - 4 kilo-ohms 1/4W
R2 - 10 kilo-ohms 1/4W resistor
R3 - 10 kilo-ohms 1/4W
R4 - 2.2 kilo-ohms 1/4W
R5 - 2.5 kilo-ohms 1/4W
R6 - 120 ohms 1W
C1 - 100nF
C2 - 100nF
C3 - 1000uF rated 50V or higher
C4 - 1000uF rated 16V or higher
D1 - 1N5401 or any diode rated 3A or higher
D2 - 1N4756A,1N5368B or 47V zener
D3 - 1N4740A, 1N5346B or any 8.2V to 9.1V zener
D4 - 1N4001 or similar
Q1 - IRF530 N-chanel MOSFET

Make a 12Volt 10Amp, 20Amp, 30Amp, 40Amp variable transformerless electronic SMPS power supply

How to make a 12v 10Amp to 40Amp (ie 10A, 20A, 30A, 40A) transformerless electronic power supply SMPS based at home at very cheap price and compact.

By: Alok kumar

Today we are going to make a 12volt 5volt 10Amp, 20Amp, 30Amp & 40Amp all in one transformerless electronic power supply which is SMPS (switched mode power supply) which can output tremendous amounts of power in a small form factor. They have overload protection as well built right in, and even a 500W model can be made at reasonably priced with high efficiency. The voltage is incredibly stable. Giving nice, clean DC current even at high loads. 

For making this such amazing circuit you don't need to be from electrical background or either too many tools as weel even you don't have to invest huge money or you don't need to be very smart one.

Today we are going to simply convert a personal computer power supply to a highly stable , efficient, compact and beautiful electronic transformerless power supply SMPS based.

Actually we can buy a computers power supply at very cheap price or even use a old computer power supply ( you might have one in your backyard.) for this project.

Why we are converting a Computer's power supply to a normal general purpose transformerless electronic power supply because
for the same power supply from market you have to pay a 10 times more than the budget we are going to make and also the high wattage power supply you got from market may dont have overload protection and such high efficiency. Thats why we are making it because it saves our huge money as well we got variousbenifits like stable & clean DC, overload protection, high efficiency.

So lets get start this project:

All you need is:

1. Needle-nose pliers  computers "ATX Power Supply" or any power supply used in PC. 
   
   
2. 
   
3. Soldering iron 
   3 x "Banana Jack" Insulated Binding Post sets 
   
   
4. 1 x bag of "#6" Ring Tongue Terminals (16-14 gauge) 
                                                                                       
5. Rubber feet 
   
   
6. Small bit of heat shrink. 
   
   
7. Screwdriver 
   
   
8. Wire strippers

Posts Recommended:

1. Make a 12v 5Amp SMPS transformerless electronic power supply
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3. Simple 12 v 1 amp SMPS power supply, battery charger, LED driver circuit
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5. Make 5V 1Amp Cell Phone battery Charger Circuit from 220/110v

Step 1:

First of all you need to get one  of this compuer's power supply for this project to make a 12volt and 10,20,30Amp...

We shoud first consider safety because project deals with high power capacitors. so forst unplug the Power supply from pc and mains leave it for 2 days to discharge and always put insulating gloves while doing this project.

  

Step 2:

Open up the ATX power supply or any you have to open the power supply it will look like below circuit diahram

opened power supply

Now here come the tiring or daunting task of shorting or identifying the wire from hundreds of different colored wire. Here the only color we care about is BLACK, RED, YELLOW, GREEN. Any other colored wire are not of our use so you can leave it or totally cut those off the supply.

Here the colour we care about represents:

YELLOW = 12 volts
RED = 5 Volts
ORANGE = 3.3 Volts
BLACK = Common Ground.

or you can simply check via a multimeter but be careful.

Step 3:

Now you are done. The only thing you have to do sort all same colour wire and group them together and connect them all. We have to connect all same colored wire together to harness the full amperage and wattage from this supply. Now the wire will look like this figure

Now technically you are done Yello and black wire will give you around 12volt 20Amp, red and black will give you 5volt and 32Amp if you need more amperage just buy a computer power supply of high wattage mine was 240watt (approx.)

Now what you can do is to make it beautiful and compact.

Step 4:

Now make a 4 hole as shown in figure and connect those group of wire according to given in figure and you are done.

enjou your 12v 20 amp, 5v 32amp etc...or more it will depend upon the wattage of power supply

Step 5:

Drill 4 holes like given in figure.

connect group of wires to those pins or any pins you have. But keep caution that these wire don't short with each other

Final transformerless electronic power supply SMPS based compact shoud look like this

Enjoy above beautiful circuit. For any querry please ask them in comment section.

Thank You for reading this post.

Make a 5volt 8-100mAmp transformerless electronic power supply or cell phon battery charger at home

How to make 5volt 8 to 100mAmp transformerless electronic power supply or cell phon battery charger simple compact, efficient and cheap at home.

By:Alok kumar

Almost all of our electronic products or projects, we need a compact cheap power supply for converting mains AC voltage to a regulated DC voltage. For making a power supply designing of each and every component is essential. Here I’m going to discuss the designing of  regulated 5V Power Supply.

To make a transformerless electronic power supply or Capacitor Power Supplies, we use a Voltage Dropping non polar Capacitor in series with the main line. An ordinary capacitor can not be used in these applications because Mains Spikes may create holes in dielectric of ordinary capacitors and the capacitor will fail to work or even may explodes. This may destroy the device connected to such power supply. Thus we use X Rated Capacitor with required voltage is used for this project. X Rated Capacitors rated for 250v, 400v, 600v AC and higher voltage levels are also available. Reactance of the voltage dropping capacitor should be greater than the load resistance to keep constant current through the load otherwise the current may drop when connected to different loads.

make 30volt 1amp transformerless power supply circuit

How to make 30volt 1amp transformerless electronic power supply simple and sleak at home.

By:Alok kumar

Today i am going to post an article about the 30watt power supply which id 30volt and 1Amp transformerless electronic power supply circuit for medium current application. This circuit is not only compact circuit but also cheap and compact circuit.This circuit an be made at home using easily available component at market.

Simplest 5V Transformerless Power Supply Circuit

How to make Simplest Transformerless power supply for low current and low voltage application(5volt 150mAmp) using a IC-LR645

By:Alok kumar

Some of the followers of this blog have requested to post a simple low current and low voltage i.e 5volt & 100mAmp. So today i am going to post an transformerless power supply which is not only easy to construct but also very cheap and small or compact electronic circuit. This electronic circuit can be used to for various purpose like charging small li-ion batteries e.t.c. In this circuit we are going to use IC-LR645 which can control any voltage between 24 and 270 V AC and produces DC voltages below 15 volts at the output, which becomes ideally suitable for operating condition.

The great thing about this circuit is that it does not include or incorporate any bulky transformer but it also dont uses high voltage polar capacitors here. So no worries about surge current and we don't need crowbar protection circuit here.

how to make a 48v Transformerless Electronic Automatic Battery Pack charger for Electric Vehicles or e-scooters or e-cars or e-rickshaws

How to make a 48volt Transformerless Automatic Battery Pack Charger for electric Vehicles, e-scooty, e-car, e-rickshaws etc.

By: Alok kumar

Today I am going to explain How to make 48v Automatic battery charger circuit which is transformerless or electronic.

Now a days electric vehicals e-scooters, e-rickshaws etc.. are very popular and beneficial for regular driving. It is also beneficial because traffic now a days are increasing very sharpely and to drive in traffic consumes lot of conventional fuel and pollute the environment more, if somebody have electric vehical he or she may only need to release the accelerator to save the charge in battery. Thats why most of the people in different countries are opting for electric vehicles.

The biggest problem with these electric vehicles are their batteries are very sensitive to overcharge and take long to recharged completely. So one have to be very attentive regarding charging if their charger dont support autocut feature while full charged.

So today we are going to learn how to make a 48V Transformerless Automatic Battery charger to make you guys relieved and dont worry about charging of your electric vehicles or e-scooters.

How to make Transformerless or Electronic Power Supply/Driver

How to Make Transformerless 12Volt 1 Ampere or 2 ampere or more amperage compact DC electronic Power Supply or Driver/Charger.

By:Alok kumar


Today we are going to learn how to design and make the Cheapest and Smallest Transformerless electronic Power Supply or capacitive power supply 12v 1a or 2a according to our requirement. Actually there are many Power supplies available in the market but most of them are transformer/smps based and are very Big, Bulky, ugly, costly and have very complex circuitary to understand by a complete newbie.


So, lets get started to learn the design procedure so that we will be able to make the desired electronic power supply onward.


The biggest advantage of this explained circuit is that it is independent of input voltages fluctuations to a great extent


Here, we assume the input power source used here is 220V AC OR 110V AC 50~60Hz from home wall socket directly.


COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

C1= 400V, 1395K Capacitor or (Connect three 400v, 475k caramic capacitor in parallel or three 2uf/400v caramic capacitor) (Note if the mains current is 220v AC 50-60Hz if mains is 110v AC then use 250v/1395k).


[The above circuit is Verified and Tested circuit by me and works great, so make it, save money & enjoy.]

WORKING OF ABOVE CIRCUIT

In above circuit, R1 is actually doing nothing, but serve's the purpose of Bleeder Resistance, means it discharges the Charge stored in C1 gradually when the circuit is not in use( it may takes time between 1 to 15 sec according to its value and amount of charge stored).

This power supply is best suited for Capacitive loads like charging the battery, LED Drivers or any capacitive load...

So, By by reading the below post you guys will be able to design and make the power supply of any current rating and voltage rating according to your requirement. So please be focused and attentive to understand the technical specifications.


[Instruction: Above project deals with mains AC current & not isolated from AC mains, So be careful and work always under the guidance of any elder if you are a complete newbie. Please always remember to keep your one hand in pocket whenever working with any live circuit so that in case the current wont pass through your heart just for safety].

USE MALE AND FEMALE JACKS TO AVOID SHOCK BY CHARGED CAPACITOR.

In my next post i m going to post a circuit of 12V 5 ampere transformer less electronic switch mode power supply(or SMPS based) or Driver.


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4. Simple 12 v 1 amp SMPS power supply, battery charger, LED driver circuit
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6. Make 5V 1Amp Cell Phone battery Charger Circuit from 220/110v
7. Make 48V Transformerless Electronic Automatic Battery Pack Charger Circuit
8. Make a Laptop charger (efficient and reliable) from a car battery 12v

Today we are going learn a new type of circuit generally known RC circuit or capacitive power supply, which is the simplest and Cheapest circuit you will find ever.


I have created this Circuit during my research on how to increasing the power output of electronic or transformer less power supply for capacitive loads.


So now the question arises here is that - How to make this great and easy piece of Transformerless Electronic Power Supply or LED driver circuit at home.












C1= 400V, 1395K Capacitor or (Connect three 400v/475k or two 2uF/400V capacitor in parallel for 1.2Ampere or higher capacitance for higher current according to the calculations explained below).


R1= 10M ohm or 1M ohm 1watt resistor.


D1-D4= IN5408 (4 DIODES)( just choose diodes which have double ratig for our curent requirement for e.g. for 2 amp choose diode of rating 4 amp...)



R2= 10 ohm 1 or 2 watt.( 2 watt will be better for heat handling or dissipation)



C2= 1000uF(micro faraday) ,50 v ( 2 in number if you finds the output is fluctuating, connect them in parallel for better filtering of ripples produced due to rectification of AC mains current).


z1= zener of 15v to prevent any voltage fluctuations caused due to input voltage fluctuation to regulate our DC output to maximum of 15 volt max in extreme case.


{note: you must add a 10M or 1M ohm as a bleeder resistance parallel to C2 for Discharging the charge stored in C2 otherwise you may get a high current shock or surge current dur to charge stored in the capacitor if this charge is not discharged when circuit is not in operation it is going to remain for very long time and someone may get the shock. In later posts we will learn the techenique to remove any surge current by incorporating a crowbar circuit at the output. So simply to understand better this circuit and make it simple simply connect a higher value capacitor across capacitor C1.}


{Do not touch any terminals with bare hands even the Driver is Unplugged. First discharge the C1 and C2 by shorting the input and output terminal together. there will be spark generated while doing this this means charge stored is discharged completely by you now. Only after that you should touch any terminal, or leave for some time before touching the terminals so that bleeder resistance work for you to discharge the charge stored in capacitor C1.}

Calculations:

If we use 2uF/400V(because it is readily available in the market) THEN :


the capacitive reactance offered by capacitor(2uF/400V) connected at mains supply is:
x= 1/(2*pi*f*c) where pi is 22/7, and f is the frequency of mains supply eg 50Hz or 60Hz
then
now reactance or impidence ( or simply resistance) of whole ckt is = sqrt(R+x) where R is the resistance or load and wires all together attached in circuit and sqrt means squareroot of (R+X)
now out put current i=(v/z) where v= mains voltage 220v or 111v
So you can now calculate the capacitance of circuit according to the required current.


If you want to increase the output current just simply increases the capacitance value of C1 or just by Adding more C1 together in parallel if you are unable to find the appropriate value capacitor in market.


The C2 here only used as a filter to reduce the ripples in the output waveform.( it acts as filter to smoothen the output DC desired.)


Z1 is zener to protect the appliances from overvoltages.


If you want to decrease the voltage rating just use appropriate zener diode

If you wanted to increase the voltage rating of the circuit to double just use doubler circuit to double the voltage but the catch is that the current will become half and frequency become twice means 120Hz. so according to your requirement just increase the output DC current by simply adding high capacitance capacitor or add more C1 in parallel if you need high output DC voltage


For capacitance C1 related calculation problems or any problem regarding this explained circuit please reply in comment section and i will be happy to help by reply ASAP.


If you find above circuit interesting or useful please share it will be our reward from your side.

 Thank you for Reading.